02.53
Unknown
USING
LETTER ADDITION GAMES TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARYAT FIRST YEAR OF SMP
NEGERI 5
KATUMANGAN
KAB. POLMAN
A.
Background
English is one
of foreign language, it is used and studied by the student in Indonesia, so
proper thing if found any mistakes because it is not your language. Although you
know that English is not your language but as an International language willy-nilly
you have to study it.
In teaching a language, you deal that English
have some skills. There are fourth the skills of English, they are Listening, Speaking,
Writing, and Reading, they are an important subject of English. As you know
that they are important subject in English, but they need vocabulary to support
them in writing, listening, reading and speaking. How can you understand
writing, listening, reading, and speaking in English if you don’t have enough
vocabulary?
According
to Nunan in Nurheda’s research states the acquisition of an adequate vocabulary
inessential for successful second language use because without an extensive
vocabulary, you will be unable to use the structure and function we may have learner
for comprehensible communication. [1]
So
that is way vocabulary as head of them. Although you know more about grammar but
you are luck of vocabulary it means that nothing because you cannot use grammar
without vocabulary. So in English vocabulary is a head of the four of
components language.
In
learning vocabulary, the effectiveness in teaching especially vocabulary depends
on teacher method or strategy. So that is way, teacher when teaching vocabulary
for leaner will be using variety method and a good strategy to make the student
interested and easy to understand studying vocabulary. One of way to make the
leaner interested to study is using games when teacher teach them in the
classroom.
So
that is way, the researcher choose a game for teaching in a classroom of SMP
Negeri 5 Katumbangan Kab. Polman, especially Letter Addition games to make the
leaner interested to study and the researcher believes that with a game can
make students more understand and easy to study because students will be easy
to understand when the material is impressed for their self.
May
be you will ask yourself, why will the researcher take a research in SMP Negeri
5 Katumbangan Kab. Polman? The researcher has some reasons, the researcher had
asked the student there, if they can’t express their opinion or speaking in
English because they lack of vocabulary, besides that they just have two
English teachers that will handle many classes, so how can the teacher focused
to handle students if the teacher just two and also the researcher has seen the
student vocabulary ability there so limit.
Based
on statement above, the researcher interested to do research with the title
“Using Letter Addition Games to improve students’ vocabulary at First Year of
SMP Negeri 5 Katumangan Kab. Polman”
B.
Problem
Statement
Is
there any influence Using Letters Addition Games to Improve students’
vocabulary mastery at First Year of SMP Negeri 5 Katumbangan Kab. Polman?
C.
Objective
of the Research
Based
on the problem statement above, the objective of the research is to find out
Letter Addition Games has an influence in improving vocabulary at first year of
SMP Negeri 5 Katumangan Kab. Polman.
D.
Significance
of the Research
The
researcher hopes that this research may give the good effect or advantage to
researcher self besides that the researcher hopes that this research make the
readers satisfied with the method and can help them to get an information about
new method for them. Especially for English teacher the researcher hopes that, this
method can help them in teaching vocabulary with easy by using Letter addition
game. Especially the students can enjoy studying vocabulary and they will be
fun with it.
E.
Review
of Related Literature
1.
Previous
research finding
Erna Sinrang finds that using Game in learning and
teaching vocabulary has increased the
students’ vocabulary after using game of the second year students of SMP Negeri
2 Baranti.[2]
Arman found that
Using game in Learning and teaching Vocabulary gave a positive effect in learning
process especially in mastery of vocabulary they are:
a. Teacher
can motivate and active in learning English especially vocabulary by using
games.
b. The
second years of student SMPN 1 Pamboang have a good achievement in learning
vocabulary through games.
c. The
games a help the student to improve their vocabulary command.[3]
According to Lee in his book “Language
Teaching games and contests” in Hasria’s Thesis said that “the majority of
games give the learners experience of community. It is through experience of
communication in the language they are learning that language learner best
learn how to communicate in it.[4]
Jamil
in his book “100 Game Kreative” in Hasria’s thesis said this is used to build
new situation when we are in boring condition and is not exited.[5]
Based
on the perception above, the researcher infer that by using game the students’
vocabulary will improve and they can enjoy to learn English by using game.
Besides that the student will be easy to memorize it without forcing the brain
because they do some activities that can remember the vocabulary that they have
done it.
2. Some pertinent ideas
a. Concept of vocabulary
1)
Definition
of vocabulary
Before
talking so far about vocabulary, you have to know definition of vocabulary
before. You may see the definition of vocabulary according to some perceptions
they are:
A person's vocabulary is
the set of words
within a language
that are familiar to that person. A vocabulary usually develops with age, and
serves as a useful and fundamental tool for communication
and acquiring knowledge.
Acquiring an extensive vocabulary is one of the largest challenges in learning
a second language.[6]
According to Penny says that “Vocabulary can be defined,
roughly, as the words we teach in the foreign language”. [7]
According to Barnhart (2008: 697) said that “(1) stock of words used by person, class of
people, profession, etc. (2) a collection or list of words, usually in alphabetical
order and defined."[8]
Based on the definition above the research concluded that vocabulary
is a word group or a phrase that has a meaning that is used by the person to
express their opinion or idea, statement, and expressions.
2)
Kinds of vocabulary
There
four kinds of vocabularies, you have four different
kinds of vocabularies. One is your speaking vocabulary, the words you use in
everyday talk at home or at work. Another is your writing vocabulary, the words
you use in notes, letters, reports or any other kind of writing. It is somewhat
larger because you have time to stop and find the right word. Your listening
vocabulary is still larger. It consists of words that you understand when you
hear them. Many of these words you would never use in speaking or writing. Your
reading vocabulary is the largest. It consists of all the words you recognize
when you see them. Your vocabularies don’t stand still, however. They continue
to grow as you meet new words in your studies, in newspapers, and on radio and
TV programs. Of course, you have to do more than just meet them to enlarge your
vocabularies.[9]
Based on the perceptions above the researcher concluded that there
are some kinds of vocabularies that used in different function in English. It
cause that vocabulary is important for the people who want to be mastery in
English because without vocabulary we cannot use the other skill in English
such as grammar, writing, and listening because they are need vocabulary to
mastery them.
3) Important of vocabulary
As you know that vocabulary is a main basic to construct the ability
in speaking, writing, and listening in oral communication because study of
language always there is the correlation of vocabulary. If you know more about
vocabulary it will make you easy to study about language. So that’s way without
mastering of vocabulary the people cannot communicate their ideas, emotions, an
desires because vocabulary is the most
important for understanding of knowing names of thing, action and concept.
4)
How to build vocabulary
Many people build their
English vocabulary through a blend of methods by taking English classes,
reading books, watching movies in English, and studying English with English
language software. Playing word and vocabulary games is a valuable part of
learning English. So, the
researcher concludes that there are many ways to build our vocabulary they are:
a)
Become actively
receptive to new words.
Every
time you read, there are opportunities to increase your vocabulary.
Don't ignore these opportunities. Many of us tend to skip unknown words and
gain general understandings of phrases or paragraphs from their overall
context. If you're used to doing this, it may require additional effort to
remember to note down the unknown words. Train yourself to be invariably aware
when reading and listening
to others, and remember the words that are not known to you. Look them up later
in a dictionary.
b)
Add the new words you
meet in your reading to your own vocabulary.
When you see an unfamiliar word in a book,
magazine, manual, etc., do not skip over it impatiently. Instead, pause for a
moment and say it to yourself. Get used to its sound and its appearance. At
first, try to puzzle out its possible meaning in the context of the sentence.
Whether you come to the right conclusion or not, whether indeed you're even
able to come to any intelligent conclusion at all is of no importance. What is
important is that, by that process, you're becoming super conscious
of the new word. As a result, you will suddenly notice that this very word pops
up unexpectedly again and again in all sorts of places. For now your mind has
been alerted to notice it. Once you've tried this exercise, look it up in the
dictionary and confirm its meaning. After you've seen each newly learned word a
few times, you will know fairly accurately not only what it means but the many
ways in which it can be used; best of all, it'll now form a part of your
natural vocabulary.
Expanding
your vocabulary will always be improved by regularly diving into the dictionary
and reading entries for words you aren't yet familiar with. This requires the
ownership of a quality dictionary to make it more interesting, so look for a
dictionary that has lengthy explanations on the origins and uses of words, as
these will go a long way to helping you remember the word and enjoy using your
dictionary.
b.
Concept
of Game.
1)
Definition
of Game.
There is a common perception
that all learning should be serious and solemn in nature and that if one is
having fun and there is hilarity and laughter, then it is not really learning.
This is a misconception. It is possible to learn a language as well as enjoy
oneself at the same time. One of the best ways of doing this is through games.
Games can help the teachers to create
contexts in which the language is useful and meaningful. In the whole process
of teaching and learning by games, the students can take part widely and open-mindedly.
To win the games each student or group should competitively answer the
questions addressed by the teacher or other students or groups. In order to do
so they must understand what the teacher or others are saying or have written,
and they must speak or write in order to express their own point of view or
give information
So,
to increase the vocabulary we need to use some methods. One of them is games.
The definition of game is an activity that you do to make you fun. Games can
make student focused and interested to learn English, because you do not feel
that you forced your brain to learn.
The
other perception about the definition of games is structured playing,
usually undertaken for enjoyment and
sometimes used as an educational
tool. Games are distinct from work,
which is usually carried out for remuneration, and
from art,
which is more often an expression of aesthetic or ideological elements.[10]
2) The use of Game.
The
use of game is to attract the student to learn English because is it fun for
them and make them interested to do experiment. Besides that game can make children
interested to study because games add variation to a lesson and grow up the
student motivation in learning English especially in vocabulary. Trough playing
games, students can learn foreign language with easy and without aware that they
can use English.
3)
Kinds of Game.
a)
Spelling
Games
Spelling games
is one of the games that use by the teacher or the research to try that students
have a good spell in English. So this game will help the student in spelling
study.
b)
Grammar
games
Grammar games are
one of the games that use to improve the student grammar in English. This game will
help the student to know about grammar.
c)
Vocabulary
Games
Vocabulary games
are one of kind of the games that use to improve students vocabulary in
English. This game will help the student to improve their vocabulary as the
basic of English. So they will not difficult to speak if they have enough
vocabulary.
4)
Advantages of Using Game.
One
of the best ways to teach English as foreign language is with games. By using
games you can teach English with easy and happy. Besides that with games
method, your students will not feel difficulty and bore. Besides that your
students or children will be more understand and memorize the English materials.
So that, they will be more active learn English than before.
The
other perceptions about advantages of using games are:
a) They
are motivating and challenging.
b) Learning
a language requires a great deal of effort.
c) Games
help the students to make and sustain the effort of learning.
d) They
creative a meaningful context for language use.
e) Vocabulary
games brings real world context into the classroom, and increases students’ use
of English in a flexible, meaningful and communicative way.
f) Games
usually involve friendly competition and they keep students interested in
learning the language.[11]
b.
Concept of Letter Addition
1)
Definition
of Letter and Addition
Before Talking about full definition of letter
addition games, let see the definition of letter and addition. Talking about
letter and addition there are some perceptions about definition of letter and
addition they are:
a)According
to Webster’ Dictionary letter is a mark or character used to present a sound or
articulation of human speech; a character of alphabet; a primary of written
speech; a type bear in such a character or collectively, printer’s type or
style of type.[12]
b)
According to Oxford
Dictionary Letter are: 1. Alphabetic character, 2. Content or printed
Communication.[13]
c)
According to Oxford
Dictionary addition are: 1. Adding or being added, 2. Person or thing added.[14]
d)
According to Webster
Dictionary addition is the act of adding, or that which is added: an increase:
annex: accession.[15]
2)
Definition
of letter addition
Letter
addition is one of a game is used by the teacher, leader etc as method to apply
in learning English. Letter addition is adding some words in the last, initial,
middle of the word, so it will formulate a new vocabulary from the first word.
3)
Kinds
of games letter addition games
Talking about kinds of
games, there are many kinds of games was using in learning English. Some of
them are:
a)
Crossword
1.
Crossword
is one of kinds of Letter addition game where to apply the game we have to
divide in some groups, the member of the group about two until six members. Every
player prefers 10 piece of paper and writes a letter what do they like. For
example the first player has to write a letter what does she wants such A, C, G, I, N, A, U, P, M, S. In the
middle of table we prefer some of piece of empty paper. As superspies, you make
a new word maximal four words. For example cold.
The first player will continue the word with the letter they have, they may
continue from the top or from the bottom. The second player and the third
player will continue the letter that has preferred.
C
|
L
|
I
|
M
|
D
|
O
|
b)
Inserting
letters
In this game the teacher as a leader.
Member of this game maximal four groups or four persons. Instruct every player
from every group to write word which ones they like. For example the leader
writes a word “PERSON”. So the
student may use the word to make a new word.
P ai N
E ch O
R ose S
S ta R
O rang E
N a P
c)
Tail
Word
Before beginning the game, a teacher has
written a word on the white board or papers
then teacher ask to student to continue the word base on the last
word. So the student will make a new
word.
Food
Delicious
Sweet
Taste
Eat
Tiramisu
d)
Letters
addition
The
teacher as a leader has to write some letters on white board before beginning
this game. This game will be played by the students. Ask the students to write the letter on their
paper that has been written on the white board by the leader. Next every player
has to add the letter one or more letter in initial or in the last letter so,
it makes formulated a new word. The player who gets highest score, he is the
champion.
Pemain
I Pemain
II
A
go
=1 Go
ST = 2
F
ir
= 1 Ir
ON = 2
Lo NE = 2+ S lo W = 2 +
4 6
F.
Conceptual
Framework
English vocabulary is the one of the important
aspect in studying in English. Memorizing make the student bored when they memorize
the vocabulary. So that’s way teacher needs to make the student interested to
study, one of the way is using game in teaching in the classroom.
At
this point, theoretical framework underlying this researched would be given in
the following diagram:
INPUT
Material
of Teaching Vocabulary
|
PROCESS
Teaching
and Learning Process Vocabulary Trough Letters Addition Game
|
OUTPUT
Improving
Vocabulary Achievement
|
Notes:
Input :
Refers to Letters Addition Game.
Process :
Refers to the Learning process by Letter Addition Game.
Output : Refers to the student’s vocabulary
improvement after Learning through
Letter Addition Game.
G.
Hypothesis
Based on the review of Literature and the conceptual
framework, the research formulates the following hypothesis:
1. The Null hypothesis
(Ho): there is not influence using letter
addition games in improving students’ vocabulary of SMP Negeri 5 katumbangan
Kab. Polman.
2. The alternative
hypothesis (Ha): there is an influence
of using letter addition of games in improving students’ vocabulary of SMP
Negeri 5 Katumbangan Kab. Polman.
H.
Method
of Research
1.
Design
of the research
In
this research, design will be used pre-experimental method, with one group. This
is design involve one group pretest, exposed to treatment and Posttest. This is
presented as follows:
1)
Design
of the research
E=
O1 X O2
|
Where:
E : Experimental group
O1 : Pre-Test
X : Application of Method.[16]
O2 : Post-Test.
2) Variable of the Research
This
research has two variables namely independent variable and dependent variable.
The independent variable is teaching vocabulary trough Letters Addition Game
and dependent variable is the students’ vocabulary.
2.
Operational
of definition of variable
a.
Vocabulary
mastery
Vocabulary mastery is the one of an
ability of student in knowing, understanding, and how to use the vocabulary
after give a treatment as the result of independent.
b.
Using
letter addition games
Using letter addition games is one of
method that is applied in the classroom by the researcher. Letter addition game
can find a new vocabulary when the student uses it, so automatically the
student’ vocabulary will improve. Besides that letter addition games can make
the student interesting to study and enjoy because they don’t need force their
brain to think because they will enjoy with game. The aim of letter addition games
to make the students’ mastery in vocabulary.
3.
Population
and sample
a.
Population
The
population of the research is part of SMPN 5 katumbangan Kab. Polman. This part
will take sample from the first year. The total number of the population in the
first class are 75 students they are divided into three levels classes each
class consist of more than 20 students.
Table 1. Total students’
of SMPN 5 Katumbangan Kab. Polman
No
|
Class
|
Sex
|
Total
|
|
Male
|
Female
|
|||
1
|
1a
|
12
|
14
|
26
|
2
|
1b
|
10
|
15
|
25
|
3
|
1c
|
13
|
12
|
25
|
Total
|
35
|
41
|
76
|
|
1)
Sample
Based
on the population above, the research will use purposive sampling technique
that one class of the first year of SMPN 5 Katumbangan will be taken as
research sample to get a valid data. The sample will be taken VIIc class,
because this class is lack of vocabulary. So that is way the research will
choose the class.
No
|
Class
|
Sex
|
Total
|
|
Male
|
Female
|
|||
1.
|
1c
|
13
|
12
|
25
|
4.
Instrument
of the research
To
collect data the research will use a test as instrument. Test is a procedure
used to collect data on subjects’ ability or knowledge of certain disciplines.
In second language acquisition research, tests are generally used to collect
data about the subject’ ability in and knowledge of the second language in areas
such as vocabulary, grammar, reading, met linguistic awareness, and general
proficiency.[17]
The
instrument of this research is vocabulary test that consist of multiple choice
(15 numbers), and matching the word (15 numbers). This test will be applied on
pre-test and post-test.
5.
Procedure
of collecting data
1)
Pre-test
Pre-test
will be done before giving a treatment to know a basic of knowledge of students.
In this case the research will give a test for every student that has been
prepared by the research.
2)
Treatment
In
this part the research will take a part four times to give the student a
treatment.
a)
First
meeting, the research will introduce her-self
and the students also do it. Next give some motivations to the student, after
that the researcher will explain why the researcher comes to their class, then
the researcher ask to the student to invoke to the God before starting to study
after that the research give a pre test before give them a treatment (Vegetable
and Fruit).
b)
Second
meeting, the research asks the student to invoke
to the God before starting to study. Next the research will do a treatment
(Animals) that has it prepare. After that give a conclusion about the lesson
that day.
c)Third meeting,
the research asks the student to invoke to the God before starting to study.
The research will do a treatment (classroom abject) that has it prepare. After
that give a conclusion about the lesson that day.
d)
The
last meeting, the research will ask the student
to invoke to the God before starting to study. Next the research will do a
treatment (occupation) for the last time, after that the research will give
them post test. Next the research will give motivation before going back to
their home.
3)
Post-test
Pos-test will be given by the
research after giving treatment to know the student ability after receiving a
treatment by the research.
6.
Technique
of data analysis
Technique
of data analysis, in this research the researcher will apply the test analyze
quantitatively. This quantitative analysis employed statically calculation to
test the hypothesis. Some formulas will be applied in this research to process
the data follows:
a.
Scoring the students
correct answer of pre-test and post-test by using this formula:
b.
Classifying the
students’ score in to the following criteria:
Table 2. Classification
score
Scale
|
Classification
|
86-100
|
Excellent
|
71-85
|
Very
Good
|
56-70
|
Good
|
41-55
|
Fair
|
Poor
|
c.
Computing the frequency
and percentage of the students.
Where:
P:
Percentage.
Fq:
Frequency.
N:
Total number of sample.[19]
d.
Concluding the mean
score of the students’ pre-test and post-test using this formula:
Where:
X: Mean
score
åx:
The sum of the all score
N: Total number of sample.[20]
e.
Finding out the
Standard Deviation by using the following formula:
Which SS= åx2 -
Where:
SD:
Standard Deviation.
SS: The sum of square.
N:
The number of students.
åx2: The sum of all square.
f.
Finding the significant
between the mean score and pre-test and post-test by calculating the value of
the test using the following formula:
Where:
t: Test of significance.
D: The mean score of difference (X1-X2).
∑D: The sum of the
total score.
∑D2: the
Square of the sum score of difference.
N: The total
sample.[22]
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Anonym,
http://www.wikihow.com/Build-Your-Vocabulary,2September 26 th, 2012.
Anonym,http://202.194.48.102/englishonline/zhxl/YDXL/easyreaders/TsygrFour%20Kinds%20of%20Vocabularies.asp?
Accessed on 04 October 2012.
Anonym,http://www.englishindo.com/2011/12/vocabulary-is-definition-of
vocabulary.html, accessed on 03 October, 2012.
Arman,
2009. Improving the Students Vocabulary
Mastery through Various Games to the second Year of Students of SMPN 1 Pamboang,
parepare, Publish: STAIN Parepare.
Gay.
L.R. 1981. Education Research Competence
for Analysis and Application. Second edition, Columbus: Charles E.Merill
Publishing Company.
Harlina,
2010. Teaching Vocabulary Through
WordMatch to the Seventh Year Students of MTs DDI Lil Banana Parepare, Parepare,
Publish: STAIN Parepare.
Hasria,
2008. Using Vocabulary Games to Promote
Students in Learning English of the Fifth Year Students of SDN 3 Passeno,
parepare, Publish: STAIN Parepare.
Herbert
W. Seliger & Shohamy E, 1989. Second
Language Research Methods, Oxford university press.
Nahlia,
2012. The Influence of Using a Clue Game to Improve the Students’ Vocabulary
in Ma’had Jamiaah: STAIN Parepare.
Nar
H, Akib H, 2008. Statistika Dasar,
Jakarta: Universitas Terbuka.
Nurheda,
2010. Increasing Vocabulary of the Second
Year Students of MTS Amparita by Using Translation Exercise, Parepare,
Publish: STAIN Parepare.
Oxford, 2003. Oxford
Essential Dictionary, New
York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
Rini, Ayu, 2009. Exccellent
English Game ,Jakarta-Indonesia: Kesaint Blanc.
Sinrang
E, 2009. Teaching English Vocabulary by
Using Shiritori Games to Increase the
Vocabulary Mastery of the Second Year Students of SMP Negeri 2 Baranti,
parepare, Publish: STAIN Paprepare.
Sugiyono, 2010. MetodePenelitianPendidikan:
PendekatanKuantitatif,Kualitatif, dan R&D, Bandung: Alfabeta,
Wardani
I, Wihardit K, 2008. Penelitian Tindakan
Kelas, Jakarta: Universitas Terbuka.
Webster,
2003. The New International Webster: Comprehensive Dictionary of The English
Language, (Delux Encyclopedic), Colombia: Trident Press International.
[1] Nurheda, Increasing Vocabulary of the Second Year
Students of MTS Amparita by Using Translation Exercise (Publisher of STAIN
Parepare, 2010) p. 1
[2] Erna Sinrang, Teahing English Vocabulary by Using Shiritori Games to Increase the Vocabulary
Mastery of the Second Year Students of SMP Negeri 2 Baranti, (Publish
thesis of STAIN Paprepare) 2009. P. 35.
[3] Arman, Improving the Students Vocabulary Mastery
through Various Games to the second Year of Students of SMPN 1 Pamboang (Publish
of thesis Of STAIN Parepare) 2009. P. 37
[4] Hasria, Using Vocabulary Games to Promote Students in
Learning English of the Fifth Year Students of SDN 3 Passeno, (Publish of
thesis of STAIN Parepare)2008 P. 6
[5] Ibid
[7] http://www.englishindo.com/2011/12/vocabulary-is-definition-of-vocabulary.html,
accessed on 03 October, 2012.
[8] ibid
[9] http://202.194.48.102/englishonline/zhxl/YDXL/easyreaders/TsygrFour%20Kinds%20of%20Vocabularies.asp?
Accessed on 04 October 2012.
[11] Nahliah, The influence of using finding a clue game
to improve the students’ vocabulary in ma’had jamiaah STAIN Parepare,
(Publish of Thesis of STAIN Parepare) P. 9.
[12] Webster, The
New International Webster Comprehensive Dictionary of the English language,
(Deluxe Encyclopedic Edition) Trident Press International Columbia, 2003 P.
732.
[14] Ibid. P. 7
[15] Ibid. P 17.
[16] Prof. Dr. Sugiyono, MetodePenelitianPendidikan:
PendekatanKuantitatif,Kualitatif, dan R&D, (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2010),
p. 110-111
[17] Herbert W. Seliger
& Elena Shohamy. Second Language Research Methods. (Oxford University
Press. 1989). P. 176.
[18] IGAK
Wardanhi & Kuswaya Wihardit, Penelitian
Tindakan Kelas, Jakarta: Universitas terbuka 2008. P. 3.25.
[19] Harlina,Teaching
Vocabulary Through WordMatch to the
Seventh Year Students of MTs DDI Lil Banana Parepare, (Parepare: STAIN
Parepare, 2010), p. 28
[20] Gay.
L.R.Education Research, Compoyence for
Analysis and Application. Second edition. (Columbus:Charles E.Merill Publishing
Company,1981). P. 25.
[21] Ibid. P.25
[22]
Ibid. p.331
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